تعلیمِ محمدیﷺ میں سود سے متعلق اعترضات کا تحقیقی جائزہ

Abstract

This article critically examines two objections raised by the Christian polemicist ʿImād al-Dīn Lāhiz in his Urdu treatise Taʿlīm-i Muḥammadī against the Islamic concept of usury (ribā). The first objection alleges that the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ sanctioned a transaction in which one slave was exchanged for two, a dealing the critic classifies as usurious yet not condemned as such. The second contends that a statement attributed to the Caliph ʿUmar ibn al-Khaṭṭāb betrays uncertainty over the true nature of ribā, thereby rendering Islamic financial law ambiguous. Drawing on Qurʾānic injunctions, Prophetic traditions, classical exegesis, and juristic discourse, the study argues that both objections rest on a conflation of ribā with lawful commercial exchange (bayʿ) and on a misreading of the juristic principles of scrupulous caution (waraʿ) and the blocking of pretexts (sadd al-dharāʾiʿ). It concludes that Islamic law offers a coherent and internally consistent framework on ribā, and that the cited evidences neither weaken the prohibition of usury nor destabilise the Islamic economic order.