Modern Epistemological Challenges and Islamic Thought: A Theological Analysis

Abstract

The current study investigates the contemporary epistemological challenges confronting Islamic thought and examines emerging responses within Islamic theological and educational frameworks. Through a critical analysis of classical and contemporary Islamic scholarship, this research explores how various approaches—from traditional to reformist—address fundamental questions about the nature of knowledge, truth, and reality in an increasingly secular and postmodern intellectual landscape. The study employs qualitative analytical methods to examine both primary Islamic texts and contemporary scholarly works, revealing the complex interplay between traditional Islamic epistemology and modern knowledge systems. The findings suggest that successful engagement with contemporary epistemological challenges requires both the recovery of traditional frameworks and the development of innovative methodological approaches that can effectively integrate revealed and rational knowledge while maintaining Islamic principles. This research contributes to ongoing discussions about the future of Islamic thought and education in an era of rapid social and intellectual change.